1. "I am cooking dinner now"He said to me

     he

2. He drank water because he was thirsty

     If he

3."Don't play soccor here" he said to me

    He

4.Minh hasn't collected stamps since 2010

   The last

5. "I want to send my son to a universityin the Uk"she said to me

   She

6."You shouln't make us tidy your room" they said to him

   they

7. I last talked to him five months ago

    I haven't

    

1."I am cooking dinner now," he said to me.
He told me that he was cooking dinner at that moment.

2.He drank water because he was thirsty.
If he hadn't been thirsty, he wouldn't have drunk water.

3."Don't play soccer here," he said to me.
He told me not to play soccer there.

4.Minh hasn't collected stamps since 2010.
The last time Minh collected stamps was in 2010.

5."I want to send my son to a university in the UK," she said to me.
She said to me that she wanted to send her son to a university in the UK.

6."You shouldn't make us tidy your room," they said to him.
They told him that he shouldn't make them tidy his room.

7.I last talked to him five months ago.
I haven't talked to him for five months.

-------------------------------------------------------------

1.Câu trực tiếp (Direct Speech) -> Câu gián tiếp (Indirect Speech)

-Câu trực tiếp: "I am cooking dinner now," he said to me.

-Câu gián tiếp: He told me that he was cooking dinner at that moment.

Công thức:

-Đối với câu hiện tại tiếp diễn:

-"I am + V-ing" → "He was + V-ing"

2.Câu điều kiện loại 1 (First Conditional)

-Câu điều kiện: He drank water because he was thirsty.

-Câu điều kiện loại 2: If he hadn't been thirsty, he wouldn't have drunk water.

Công thức:

-Câu điều kiện loại 2:

-If + S + had + V-ed, S + would have + V-ed.

3.Câu mệnh lệnh (Imperative Sentences)

-Câu trực tiếp: "Don't play soccer here," he said to me.

-Câu gián tiếp: He told me not to play soccer there.

Công thức:

-Mệnh lệnh phủ định:

-"Don't + V" → "Not to + V"

4.Câu hiện tại hoàn thành với thời gian cụ thể

-Câu trực tiếp: Minh hasn't collected stamps since 2010.

-Câu gián tiếp: The last time Minh collected stamps was in 2010.

Công thức:

-"S + has/have + not + V-ed + since + time" → "The last time S + V-ed + was + time"

5.Câu tường thuật về mong muốn

-Câu trực tiếp: "I want to send my son to a university in the UK," she said to me.

-Câu gián tiếp: She said to me that she wanted to send her son to a university in the UK.

Công thức:

-"I want to + V" → "She wanted to + V"

6.Câu tường thuật với yêu cầu

-Câu trực tiếp: "You shouldn't make us tidy your room," they said to him.

-Câu gián tiếp: They told him that he shouldn't make them tidy his room.

Công thức:

-"You shouldn't + V" → "He shouldn't + V"

7.Câu hiện tại hoàn thành với thời gian cụ thể

-Câu trực tiếp: I last talked to him five months ago.

-Câu gián tiếp: I haven't talked to him for five months.

Công thức:

-"I last + V-ed + time ago" → "I haven't + V-ed + for + time"

`1.` He said to me that he was cooking dinner then.

`-` Câu tường thuật: S `+` said to O/told O (that) `+` S `+` V(lùi thì)

`-` Lùi thì: HTTD `->` QKTD

`-` Đổi ngôi: I `->` He

`-` Đổi trạng từ: Now `->` Then

`2.` If he hadn't been thirsty, I would not have drunk.

`-` Cấu trúc câu gốc: 

`->` S `+` V(QKĐ) `+` because `+` S `+` V(QKĐ)

`-` Because: Bởi vì, vì `+` dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân `-` kết quả

`-` Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại `3:` 

`->` If `+` S `+` had `+` Ved/C3, S `+` would/could `+` have `+` V3/ed

`+` Mệnh đề If: S `+` V (past perfect `-` QKHT)

`+` Mệnh đề chính: S `+` would/could `+` have `+` V3/ed

`->` Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ.

`3.` He asked/told me not to play soccer there.

`-` Cấu trúc câu tường thuật với dạng câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:

`->` S `+` asked/told `+` O `+` (not) to V-inf

`->` Ai đó yêu cầu/bảo ai (không) làm gì ...

`4.` The last time Minh collected stamps was in `2010.`

`=` The last time `+` S `+` Ved/C2 `+` … `+` was `+` in/when/... `+` ...

`->` Lần cuối cùng/lần gần nhất ai đó làm gì cách đây bao lâu ...

`=` S `+` have/has `+` not `+` Ved/C`3` `+` since `+` mốc thời gian

`->`Ai đó/ sự vật gì/ hiện tượng gì đã không … kể từ khi …

`5.` They advised him not to make them tidy his room.

`-` Ta có cấu trúc tường thuật với lời khuyên:

`->` S `+` advised `+` O `+` (not) to V-inf 

`->` Ai đó khuyên ai (không) nên làm gì ...

`=` S `+` should (not) `+` V-inf `:` Ai đó không nên làm gì ...

`6.` I haven't talked to him for five months.

`-` Cấu trúc: S `+` last `+` Ved/C`2` `+` khoảng thời gian `+` ago

`->` Ai đó làm gì lần cuối cùng cách đây bao lâu ...

`=` S `+` have/has `+` not `+` Ved/C`3` `+` for `+` khoảng thời gian

`->`Ai đó/ sự vật gì/ hiện tượng gì đã không … trong khoảng …