7. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam. => If 
8. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. => If 
9. They didn’t listen to their teacher, so they didn’t understand the lesson. => If 
10. It will be sunny tomorrow. We will go camping. 
11. Do your homework, and you’ll not be punished. => If 
12. If Minh hadn’t stayed up late, he wouldn’t have got up late. => Unless 

$\color{#88DCFF}{\text{#Byen.}}$

`7` If he didn't have to study for his exam , he could go out

`8` If she weren't lazy , she could pass the exam

`9` If they had listened to their teacher, they would have understood the lesson

`10` If it is sunny tomorrow , we will go camping

`11` If you do your homework , you won't be punished

`12` Unless Minh had stayed up late , he wouldn’t have got up late

`-` CT :

Câu đk loại 1 : If + S + V(s/es) , S + will/can/... + V-inf

Câu đk loại 2 : If + S + V2/V-ed , S + would/could/... + V-inf

Câu đk loại 3 : If + S + had + V-II , S + would/could/... + have + V-II

Unless `=` If not

7.He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If he didn’t have to study for his exam, he could go out.

8.She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=> If she weren’t lazy, she could pass the exam.

9.They didn’t listen to their teacher, so they didn’t understand the lesson.
=> If they had listened to their teacher, they would have understood the lesson.

10.It will be sunny tomorrow. We will go camping.
=> If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go camping.

11.Do your homework, and you’ll not be punished.
=> If you do your homework, you won’t be punished.

12.If Minh hadn’t stayed up late, he wouldn’t have got up late.
=> Unless Minh had stayed up late, he wouldn’t have got up late.

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Câu điều kiện loại 1 (First Conditional):

+If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will/can/may + V (nguyên mẫu)

+Sử dụng để diễn tả một điều kiện có thể xảy ra trong tương lai.

Câu điều kiện loại 2 (Second Conditional):

+If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V (nguyên mẫu)

+Sử dụng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc một khả năng không xảy ra.

Câu điều kiện loại 3 (Third Conditional):

+If + S + had + V (quá khứ phân từ), S + would/could/might + have + V (quá khứ phân từ)

+Sử dụng để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ.

Câu điều kiện với "Unless":

+Unless + S + V (hiện tại đơn/quá khứ đơn), S + will/would + V (nguyên mẫu)+"Unless" nghĩa là "trừ khi," dùng để diễn tả điều kiện phủ định.