Phong prefers tidying the house to cooking

-> Phong would prefer

-> Phong would rather

We'd rather not go by train

-> we'd prefer

Hard as Ba studied , he failed the exam

-> Though

-> No matter how

Because of the cold weather , they went swimming

-> because the weather

Because of being old, he can't work overseas

-> Because

`1.` 

`->` Phong would prefer to tidy the house rather than cook.

`->` Phong would rather tidy than cook.

`-------------------`

`-` Cấu trúc: S `+` prefer `+` V-ing `+` to V-ing

`=` S `+` would prefer `+` to V-inf `+` rather than `+` V-inf

`=` S `+` would rather `+` V-inf `+` than `+` V-inf

`->` Ai đó yêu thích làm gì hơn làm gì ...

`2.` We'd prefer not to go by train.

`-` Cấu trúc: S `+` 'd prefer (would prefer) `+` (not) to V

`->` Ai đó (không) muốn làm gì ...

`3.`

`->` Though Ba studied hard, he failed the exam.

`->` No matter how hard Ba studied, he failed the exam.

`---------------------`

`-` Although (mặc dù, dẫu cho) `+` mệnh đề tương phản, chỉ sự đối lập.

`-` Cấu trúc: Although `+` S `+` V, S `+` V `=` S `+` V `+` although `+` S `+` V

`=` Cấu trúc: No matter `+` how `+` adj/adv `+` S `+` V/be, S `+` V

`=` Cấu trúc: Adj/Adv `+` though/as `+` S `+` (may) `+` V/be, S `+` V

`->` Dù có thế nào đi chăng nữa thì …

`4.` Because the weather was cold, they went swimming.

`5.` Because he is old, he can't work overseas.

`--------------`

`-` Ta có: Because/Because of `+` mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân `-` kết quả.

`-` Cấu trúc Because: S `+` V `+` because `+` S `+` V

`=` Because `+` S `+` V, S `+` V

`-` Cấu trúc Because of: S `+` V `+` because `+`  N/Noun Phrase/V-ing

`=` Because of `+`  N/Noun Phrase/V-ing, S `+` V

1 

- Phong would prefer to tidy the house rather than cook.

- Phong would rather tidy the house than cook.

2 We'd prefer not to go by train.

- S + would rather + V + than + V: thích làm gì hơn làm gì

- S + would prefer + to V + rather than + V: thích làm gì hơn làm gì

- S + would prefer + (not) to V: (không) thích làm gì 

3 

- Though Ba studied hard, he failed the exam.

- No matter how hard Ba studied, he failed the exam.

-> Though + S + V, S + V: Mặc dù... 

-> No matter how + adv + S + V, S + V: Dù cho...

=> Diễn tả hai vế trái nghĩa

4 Because the weather was cold, they went swimming.

5 Because he is old, he can't work overseas.

- Because + S + V, S + V: Bởi vì...

= Because of + N/Ving, S + V: Bởi vì...

-> Diễn tả nguyên nhân - kết quả.