she hasn't phoned us for 1 year

-> The last time...

Nam has surfed the not since she was 2years old

-> Nam started...

Turn on the light, you see nothing

-> If..

-> Unless...

Huong often ate alot of fast food

-> Huong used...

`1.` The last time she phoned us was 1 year ago.

`-` S + haven't/hasn't + V3/ed + for + khoảng thời gian

`->` The last time + S + V2/ed + was + time (thời gian trong quá khứ) + ago

`2.` Nam started surfing the net when she was 2 years old.

`-` S + have/has + V3/ed + since + QKĐ

`->` S + started/began + V-ing/to V + when + QKĐ

`3.`

`->` If you don't turn on the light, you see nothing.

`->` Unless you turn on the light, you see nothing.

`-` Câu điều kiện loại 0: If + HTĐ (S + don't/doesn't + V-inf), HTĐ (S + V-s/es)

`->` Unless + HTĐ (S + V-s/es), HTĐ (S + V-s/es)

`4.` Huong used to eat a lot of fast food.

`-` S + used to + V(bare): Ai đó đã từng làm gì đó

$\color{lightblue}{\text{#HQuan}}$ $\color{Pink}{\text{ - Nợn }}$

`1`.The last time she phoned us was 1 year ago.

`=>` Cấu trúc THTĐ : S + V_ed/V2.

`=>` DHNB : Ago.

`=>` The last time + TQKĐ.

`=>` Trans : Lần cuối cùng cô ấy gọi điện cho chúng tôi là cách đây 1 năm.

`2`.Nam started surfing the net when she was 2 years old.

`=>` Cấu trúc : S + Started/began + V_ing : Ai đó bắt đầu làm điều gì từ baoh.

`3`.If you don't turn on the light, you see nothing.

`=>`Câu đk loại `0` :  If + S + do/does + not + V,S + V/Vs,es.

`3`.Unless you turn on the light, you see nothing.

`=>` Cấu trúc : Unless + S + V/Vs,es = If + S + do/does + not + V.

`4`.Huong used to eat a lot of fast food.

`=>` Cấu trúc : S + used to_V : Ai đó đã từng làm điều gì.