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`Execise 11`

`1.` have never watched

`2.` watched

`3.` has read

`4.` read

`5.` had

`6.` have had

`7.` haven't seen / saw

`8.` rang

`9.` met / became

`10.` hasn't drank

`Execise 12`

`1.` has seen

`2.` have finished

`3.` have lived

`4.` has just watched

`5.` have discussed

`6.` has never been

`7.` have known

`8.` have learnt

`9.` have been

`10.` stayed

`@` Quá khứ đơn 

`-` Tobe :

`( + )` S + was / were + N / adj

`( - )` S + was / were + not + N / adj

`( ? )` Was / Were + S + N / adj?

`-` Verb : 

`( + )` S + Ved / V2

`( - )` S + didn't + Vinfi

`( ? )` Did + S + Vinfi ?

`->` Diễn tả hành động, sự việc trong quá khứ ( biết rõ thời gian )

`-` `DHNB` : yesterday, last + ( time ), ( time ) + ago, ...

`@`Hiện tại hoàn thành

`( + )` S + have / has + Vpp

`( - )` S + have / has + not + Vpp

`( ? )` Have / Has + S + Vpp?

`-` I / you / we / they / N số nhiều + have

`-` She / he / it / N số ít + has

`-` Diễn tả sự việc, hành động đã bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện ại và có thể tiếp tục tiếp diễn trong tương lai, một sự việc hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ ( không rõ thời gian ), Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc vừa mới xảy ra, ...

`-` `DHNB` : recently, since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian, yet, ...

$*$ Thì HTHT: 

$(+)$ S + have/has + Vpp

$(-)$ S + have/has + not + Vpp

$(?)$ Have/Has + S + Vpp?

$→$ DHNB: before, already, since, recently, for, ...

$*$ Thì QKĐ: 

$(+)$ S + Ved/V2

$(-)$ S + didn't + V-bare

$(?)$ Did + S + V-bare?

$1. $ have never watched

$2. $ watched

$→$ DHNB: last night

$3. $ has read

$→$ DHNB: before

$4. $ read

$→$ DHNB: last vacation

$5. $ had

$→$ DHNB: last week

$6. $ have had

$→$ DHNB: since

$7. $ haven't seen/saw

$→$ DHNB: for a long time, ago

$8. $ rang

$9. $ met/has become

$→$ DHNB: last night

$10. $ hasn't drunk

$→$ DHNB: since

$1. $ has seen

$2. $ have finished

$3. $ have lived

$4. $ has just washed

$5. $ have discussed

$6. $ has never been

$7. $ have known

$8. $ have learnt

$9. $ have been

$10. $ have stayed